Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Interactions Provide a Broad Spectrum for Ameliorating Plant Growth and Tolerating Environmental Stresses

Abstract

Drought, salinity, and temperature are the leading impediments to crop productivity and sustainability, and these factors are likely to get worse soon. A handful of adaptive approaches are indispensable and can alleviate numerous abiotic stresses. Plant-microbe collaborations serve as a capable mechanism to overcome these constraints. They meddle with the plant's physiological and biochemical activities at the gene level. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere are beneficial for the host plant. They may invigorate the crop directly or indirectly. PGPRs mitigate physical stresses by manufacturing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, exopolysaccharides, cytokinins, gibberellins, auxins, osmolytes (as shown in figure 2), and antioxidants (such as superoxide dism utase and catalase). Furthermore, the PGPRs principally endorse biological nitrogen fixation and nutrient uptake (for instance phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, and zinc) in field crops. This PGPRs also boost plant growth consequently building up its economic yield. In the current review, we emphasize the progressive outcome of PGPR's on the growth of the plant and producing tolerance against physical stresses